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lang="fr-FR"> De Koutiepov à Miller : le combat des Russes blancs 1930-1940 (Nicolas Ross) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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De Koutiepov à Miller : le combat des Russes blancs 1930-1940 (Nicolas Ross)

Nicolas Ross est un spécialiste de l’histoire russe et l’auteur de plusieurs ouvrages sur les Russes blancs.

Ce livre fait suite à son précédent ouvrage Koutiepov, le combat d’un général blanc : de la Russie à l’exil consacré à une figure centrale de l’émigration russe blanche aux côtés du général Wrangel dans les années 1920. Cette Russie blanche en exil n’était pas née d’une fuite, mais d’une résistance.

1930 fut une année charnière, décisive pour l’émigration blanche. Le 26 janvier, le général Koutiepov fut enlevé à Paris par des agents de l’OGPU. Il fut remplacé à la tête de l’Union générale des combattants russes (ROVS) par le général Miller, estimé et respecté, mais loin d’égaler son prédécesseur en prestige aux yeux de la plupart des militaires blancs.

L’autre événement marquant de l’année 1930, resté longtemps secret, fut le recrutement par les services secrets soviétiques du général Skobline, le prestigieux commandant du régiment Kornilov. Skobline reçut pour mission de parvenir à des fonctions de responsabilité au sein de la ROVS. En quelques années, il fut à même de fournir aux soviétiques de précieux renseignements concernant les domaines les plus sensibles des Russes blancs. Il contribua également à amplifier en sous-main les rivalités entre les principaux généraux russes blancs.

Malgré plusieurs infiltrations de ce genre, la ROVS resta de 1930 à 1937 une organisation puissante, implantée dans toutes les villes où il y avait un groupe russe blanc de quelque importance. Elle patronnait des cours d’instruction militaire de tout niveau, commémorait fidèlement les événements et les hommes qui avaient marqué la lutte des Blancs en Russie, soutenait les initiatives de jeunes proches de ses idées, et tentait, dans la mesure de ses ressources devenues très limitées, de poursuivre les opérations actives en URSS et se préparer à reprendre le combat armé contre les Rouges dès que le permettraient les circonstances. En deux occasions, en Espagne à partir de 1936 et en Finlande en 1939-1940, des possibilités de lutte active contre le bolchevisme semblèrent se présenter, mais les circonstances ne permirent pas d’en tirer réellement parti.

Le général Miller disparut le 22 septembre 1937, enlevé à son tour et exécuté le 11 mai 1939. Le plan du NKVD prévoyait le remplacement du général Miller par le général Chatilov, qui aurait alors confié à l’infiltré Skobline la présidence de la section française de la ROVS. Mais le général Miller avait laissé un message qui permit de faire connaître la trahison de Skobline. Le général Arkhanguelski prit la direction de l’Union des combattants russes blancs depuis Bruxelles.

C’est à cet officier d’état-major respecté que revint en 1940 la délicate question de savoir si, dans le cas d’un conflit entre l’URSS et l’Allemagne nazie, il conviendrait de s’allier aux Allemands pour combattre l’ennemi bolchevique. C’est sur cette interrogation que se termine ce livre qui se lit comme un roman d’espionnage.

De Koutiepov à Miller, Nicolas Ross, éditions des Syrtes, 430 pages, 23 euros

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