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lang="fr-FR"> Dans vingt ans, les robots - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Site icon https://dev.medias-presse.info

Dans vingt ans, les robots

Le Japon a un taux de natalité qui est le plus bas du monde. En effet chaque couple engendre actuellement seulement 1,1 enfant. A ce rythme, dans quarante ans ce pays n’aura plus qu’une population résiduelle. Il y a quelques mois le Premier ministre Shinzo Abe voyant l’impossibilité future de faire face aux retraites, lançait l’idée de l’euthanasie des gens âgés n’arrivant plus à payer leurs soins médicaux. Il dût d’ailleurs se rétracter devant la levée de bouclier d’un pays qui a le culte des aînés. Mais à cela il ajoute que les robots devront se substituer aux humains. Compte-tenu du temps de travail des hommes amputé de divers arrêts, congé , 35 heures, maladies, il est évident que la solution est de les remplacer par des robots dont le prix d’achat est de 60.000 euros en moyenne : c’est le prix de trois SMIC d’un an ; or l’instruction et l’éducation d’un enfant coûte entre 100.000 et 300.000 euros. En pratique cela signifie qu’un robot peut faire le travail d’environ trois humains.

Actuellement nous assistons a des avancées extraordinaires en robotique. Il est possible d’opérer de la France un patient présentant un calcul des voies urinaires à New-York. Ceci se fait par un robot télécommandé à partir de notre pays. Les Américains ont mis un système au point qui permet de commander les drones par la pensée au moyen d’un casque sensible aux impulsions électriques du cerveau.

Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael A. Osborne sont chercheurs de l’Université d’Oxford, spécialistes en futurologie. Le 17 septembre dernier, ils publient un long et impressionnant rapport dont les conclusions sont les suivantes. La robotique dans les années qui viennent, va connaître un développement considérable. Ils parlent de véritable révolution. Ils affirment – ce n’est pas difficile de les croire- que de plus en plus d’activités humaines pourront être réalisées par des robots avec une précision supérieure à celle des hommes. Ce qui d’ailleurs est déjà largement le cas en médecine. Si bien qu’un certain nombre de professions seront progressivement remplacées par des robots. Ces savants estiment que ces derniers n’auraient pas de conscience ; ce qui pourrait être aussi le cas des humains dont les cerveaux auraient été remplacés par des ordinateurs (voir l’ouvrage L’Ultime Transgression).

En outre, ces chercheurs se sont livrés à un véritable travail de bénédictin en étudiant 702 professions, faisant pour chacune d’entre elles une cotation des probabilités substitutives des hommes par les robots. C’est déjà le cas pour certains postes manuels dangereux. Ils voient disparaître en premier la couture effectuée de mains humaines. Cependant les métiers qui ont le moins de chance d’être remplacés par la robotisation concernent les chefs de projets, les hauts techniciens de conception, de la recherche et de la réparation des machines.

Mais ils posent des questions terrifiantes. Ils estiment qu’en une seule génération, c’est-à-dire 20 ans, il faudra se débarrasser des travailleurs qui assurent un certain nombre de métiers car ils seront remplacés par des machines. Ce qui pose de terrifiants problèmes de démographie : en réalité la moitié des professions manuelles doivent disparaître …et ceux qui les pratiquent.

(A suivre)

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