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Coronavirus et catastrophe économique : faut-il craindre la taxe de 10% sur l'épargne envisagée par le FMI en 2013 ? - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Au-delà de la crise sanitaire, le coronavirus restera associé à une crise économique majeure. Une crise économique qui frappe simultanément tant de pays que le choc s’annonce redoutable. Bien sûr, les gouvernements promettent quantité de mesures pour secourir les entreprises, les commerces, les indépendants et toutes les personnes mises au chômage forcé. Mais la question qu’il faut naturellement se poser est toute simple : d’où va provenir l’argent ? Et donc : qui va payer ? Et c’est là que des craintes légitimes se dessinent.

L’une des plus grandes craintes est que nos gouvernements ressortent des cartons le rapport « Fiscal Monitor » du FMI publié le 9 octobre 2013. Evoquant la situation alarmante de l’endettement public, le Fonds monétaire international envisageait plusieurs pistes pour revenir à un taux d’endettement plus supportable.

Le pire scénario envisagé par le FMI est mentionné dans un petit paragraphe perdu au milieu du rapport d’une centaine de pages et intitulé « A One-Off Capital Levy? » (« Un prélèvement exceptionnel sur le capital? »). Le FMI y aborde l’hypothèse d’un prélèvement sur le capital pour réduire la dette. En somme, afin de réduire d’un coup la dette publique, le FMI envisageait une taxe de 10% sur l’épargne de tous les ménages disposant d’un patrimoine net (autrement dit en prenant en compte leurs dettes).

Selon les calculs du FMI en 2013, qui ne concernaient que 15 pays de la zone euro, une taxe de 10% sur l’épargne des ménages aurait permis de revenir au niveau d’endettement de 2007.

Pour étayer son hypothèse, le FMI s’appuyait notamment sur l’étude publiée en 1990 par Barry Eichengreen, professeur d’économie à l’université de Berkeley et ancien du FMI, et intitulée « Le prélèvement sur le capital en théorie et en pratique » dans un chapitre du livre « Public debt management: theory and history« , écrit notamment sous la direction de Mario Draghi (ancien de Goldman Sachs et de la BCE).

Cette thèse avait été mise en application en mars 2013 pour le sauvetage des banques chypriotes. La ponction avait été de 47,5% pour tous les comptes disposant de plus de 100.000 euros, la taxe de 6,75% pour les dépôts de moins de 100.000 euros ayant été finalement abandonnée.

Bien sûr, on nous rétorquera que cette hypothèse de prélèvement ponctuel émise par le FMI en octobre 2013 n’était qu’une piste de réflexion. Mais sommes-nous vraiment à l’abri d’un tel scénario au regard de l’ampleur de la catastrophe économique que nous vivons en ce moment ?

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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