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lang="fr-FR"> Comment le Pacte de Marrakech deviendra contraignant - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Comment le Pacte de Marrakech deviendra contraignant


Jean-Thomas Lesueur, délégué général de l’Institut Thomas More, a répondu à quelques questions de FIGAROVOX sur les conséquences que le Pacte mondial sur les migrations pourrait entraîner à moyen terme. En voici quelques extraits significatifs.

Pacte contraignant ou non ?

Formellement, il n’est pas contraignant et invite seulement les États signataires à s’engager en faveur des objectifs qu’il affiche. (…) Pour autant, l’histoire juridique de ces quarante dernières années nous enseigne que des textes d’origine nationale ou supranationale, dépourvus au départ de tout caractère contraignant, viennent ultérieurement produire des effets concrets en irriguant des jurisprudences, voire intègrent formellement l’ordre juridique de certaines entités. Ce phénomène est particulièrement observable en matière de «droits de l’homme»: on peut citer la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789, qui est entrée dans le «bloc de constitutionnalité» français après une décision du Conseil constitutionnel de 1971 ou la Charte des droits fondamentaux, adoptée en l’an 2000 par l’Union européenne, à laquelle le traité de Lisbonne de 2007 a octroyé une valeur juridiquement contraignante qu’elle n’avait pas à l’origine.

La crainte d’une contrainte juridique ultérieure et indirecte passant par l’interprétation souveraine des juges (nationaux ou européens) est donc pleinement légitime, comme certaines juristes, en France et ailleurs, l’ont expliqué.

Neutralité idéologique du Pacte ?

C’est ce qu’affirment les promoteurs du texte. (…) Cela est inexact. En effet, dès son préambule, le Pacte explique au contraire que les migrations «sont facteurs de prospérité, d’innovation et de développement durable et qu’une meilleure gouvernance peut permettre d’optimiser ces effets positifs».

Le terme de « migrant » utilisé par le Pacte sans distinction

(…) cela peut être regardé comme un moyen de favoriser, sinon d’encourager, l’immigration illégale en renforçant les droits des migrants illégaux, tout en fournissant un matériau de choix aux juges: plus un texte est flou, plus il est possible de l’interpréter de manière extensive – ce qui se vérifie particulièrement en matière de droit d’asile, où l’appréciation de la notion incertaine de «persécution en raison de l’appartenance à un groupe social» présente dans la Convention de Genève s’est régulièrement étendue. Le caractère flou de la terminologie du Pacte pourrait ainsi s’avérer dangereux, l’interprétation restant à la merci des juges.

 

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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