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Chrétiens, juifs et musulmans dans al-Andalus : mythes et réalités (Dario Fernàndez-Morera) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Dario Fernandez-Morera est professeur au département d’espagnol et de portugais de l’Université Nortwestern (Illinois) et auteur de livres érudits sur l’ « Espagne musulmane », la rencontre de l’Europe et des Amérindiens ainsi que sur l’œuvre des grandes figures de la littérature classique espagnole.

Voici la traduction en français de l’un de ses livres qui a connu un succès retentissant dans sa version anglaise. Cet ouvrage entend se livrer à une démystification de l’Espagne musulmane (al-Andalus) en remettant en cause la croyance largement répandue qu’elle aurait été un merveilleux lieu de tolérance, de diversité et de coexistence entre « trois cultures », sous la supervision bienveillante de dirigeants musulmans éclairés qui, de manière plutôt pacifique, auraient remplacé une culture chrétienne préexistante, très pauvre, par une brillante civilisation multiculturelle. Comme les citations qui parsèment cet ouvrage l’illustrent, cette vision romantique du XIXe siècle a contaminé le discours universitaire contemporain. Celui-ci s’est mis au diapason des ouvrages de vulgarisation, qui portent aux nues un « al-Andalus » fantasmé, illustration du multiculturalisme, de « l’unité des musulmans, des chrétiens et des juifs », de la « diversité » et du « pluralisme ».

Afin de démystifier cette Europe musulmane, l’auteur passe au crible certains des aspects de la culture médiévale les plus déstabilisants pour les lecteurs contemporains. Les deux premiers chapitres de cet ouvrage abordent la façon dont l’Espagne a été colonisée et conquise par les forces du Califat islamique, ainsi que la dhimmitude qui a suivi. Les chapitres suivants passent en revue des aspects fondamentaux de l’Espagne musulmane rarement évoqués : la répression religieuse, et donc culturelle, qui touchait l’ensemble des domaines de la vie, et le contrôle social exercé par des dirigeants autocrates et des autorités religieuses musulmanes intransigeantes.

Par ailleurs, l’ouvrage montre que même quand, sur le plan individuel, des musulmans, des juifs et des chrétiens coopéraient par intérêt, nécessité, sympathie mutuelle voire amour, pendant des siècles, les trois groupes et les nombreux sous-groupes auxquels ils appartenaient ont été impliqués dans des luttes pour le pouvoir et la survie culturelle qui pouvaient se manifester de manière subtile, mais qui ne doivent pas pour autant être confondues avec les idéaux utopistes contemporains de tolérance, de diversité et de « vivre-ensemble ».

Chrétiens, juifs et musulmans dans al-Andalus, Dario Fernandez-Morera, préface de Rémi Brague, éditions Jean-Cyrille Godefroy, 366 pages, 24 euros

A commander en ligne sur le site de l’éditeur

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