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Carl Schmitt (Aristide Leucate) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Aristide Leucate est essayiste et chroniqueur dans divers médias de « réinformation ». Juriste de formation, ses travaux universitaires portent sur le droit constitutionnel, le droit international et la philosophie du droit.

Il vient de publier une courte biographie de Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) dont l’œuvre est foisonnante et offre une infinie matière à réflexion. Schmitt pensait pleinement le monde avec les armes du droit et était en quête des origines fondamentalement politiques du droit.

Né en 1888 en Rhénanie du Nord-Westphalie de parents d’ascendance française et profondément catholiques, Carl Schmitt obtient en 1910 un doctorat en droit pénal et s’engage en février 1915 comme volontaire dans l’infanterie. Durant la préparation militaire, une lésion de la colonne vertébrale le rend définitivement inapte au combat. Il est alors versé au commandement général de corps d’armée, comme sergent au service de censure de l’administration militaire régionale et finit la guerre, en 1918, comme officier d’intendance du ministère bavarois de la guerre, chargé de surveiller la propagande ennemie.

Le 13 janvier 1919, les Freikorps déclarent la loi martiale à Berlin. C’est à ce moment que Carl Schmitt commence à fréquenter certains cercles de pensée relevant de la « Révolution conservatrice ». Mais Schmitt se rattache explicitement à la tradition contre-révolutionnaire (Louis de Bonald, Joseph de Maistre, Donoso Cortes) qui l’éloigne du modernisme de la Révolution conservatrice. Se ralliant à l’esprit classique français, Schmitt devient même un lecteur assidu de Charles Maurras et de l’Action française. Antimoderne, Schmitt se met à critiquer ce qu’il considère comme la plaie libérale. Juriste éminent, il devient aussi politologue, accorde de l’importance au théologique, se fait anti-nietzschéen et privilégie le sens eschatologique de l’histoire.

Carl Schmitt est, au début des années trente, au faîte de sa gloire intellectuelle. De 1933 à 1936, en adhérant au NSDAP sous la pression amicale de Martin Heidegger, la destinée de Carl Schmitt va prendre un tournant qui déterminera à jamais la suite de sa carrière professionnelle et de sa vie personnelle. Mais en décembre 1936, il est contraint par le régime de quitter ses fonctions à l’Académie du droit allemand et devient un réprouvé tout en conservant de solides amitiés haut placées. Durant la guerre, il voit aussi fréquemment que possible Ernst Jünger. Arrive l’année 1945, année fatidique pour Carl Schmitt classé parmi les maudits. Il est pourtant aujourd’hui encore un penseur étudié sur tous les continents.

Carl Schmitt, Aristide Leucate, éditions Pardès, collection Qui suis-je ?, 128 pages, 12 euros

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