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Bernard Lugan examine le retour de la Russie en Afrique - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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De la Libye à la Centrafrique et du Burkina Faso au Mozambique, après plus de deux décennies d’absence, la Russie fait aujourd’hui son grand retour en Afrique. Avec méthode, mais également fracas. Evgeny Korendyasov, le directeur des études russo-africaines, a en effet déclaré à l’Académie des Sciences de Russie : « Il y aura une bataille pour l’Afrique ».

Pourquoi ce soudain intérêt russe pour le continent africain ?

La question est au cœur des interrogations des dirigeants des pays de l’OTAN. Quant aux responsables français, littéralement sidérés et enfermés dans leurs présupposés idéologiques, ils ne peuvent que constater l’« intrusion » de Moscou dans le « pré carré » africain.

Leur vision économique des rapports humains les rendant incapables de se mettre « dans la tête des Russes », ils font donc fausse route quand ils analysent la politique de ces derniers comme une volonté de contrôle des matières premières africaines. À la différence de la Chine, l’immense Russie en regorge.

La politique africaine de Moscou est clairement géostratégique mais, pour le comprendre, il est nécessaire de raisonner comme les Russes. Or, ces derniers se sentent agressés après avoir été repoussés par des Européens obéissant quasi servilement aux sanctions imposées par Washington.

L’immixtion de l’OTAN en Ukraine, puis la dénonciation du rattachement de la Crimée et la volonté de faire tomber l’allié syrien, le tout accompagné d’incessantes campagnes de dénigrement dans le monde occidental, sont autant d’arguments venant conforter l’impression d’un complot ourdi contre la Russie.

Prise dans le cercle hostile que l’OTAN referme chaque jour un peu plus sur elle – le président Trump a même parlé d’installer une base militaire permanente en Pologne –, la Russie a donc décidé de briser son isolement en traçant son propre cercle dans lequel elle va chercher à enfermer ceux qui l’encerclent.

Voilà pourquoi elle s’installe en Afrique, continent disposant de plus de 50 voix à l’ONU. Mais alors que la Chine s’y implante en endettant ses partenaires-créanciers, la Russie investit le secteur militaire et sécuritaire avec ses livraisons d’armement accompagnées d’« instructeurs ».

Cette stratégie de désencerclement englobe déjà la Turquie, l’Iran, la Chine et l’Inde. A terme, plus de six des sept milliards d’habitants de la planète pourraient graviter autour d’elle.

Que pèsera alors le petit milliard restant (essentiellement États-Unis, UE et peut-être Japon), qui aura perdu à la fois l’initiative stratégique et le pouvoir économique ?

Prisonnière de la politique étrangère américaine, l’UE qui sera la grande perdante de cette recomposition planétaire risquera alors de sortir de l’histoire. Avant de devenir le déversoir d’une Afrique surpeuplée.

Bernard Lugan

 

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