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Bernard Lugan : "Algérie et Angola, le double naufrage" - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Source : L’Afrique réelle

En Algérie et en Angola, la chute des prix du pétrole a mis au grand jour les graves problèmes communs à ces deux pays, tous deux créations coloniales dont les mouvements de libération furent militairement vaincus par les forces de l’ancien colonisateur.

Contrairement à ce que prétendent les histoires officielles de ces deux pays, ce n’est en effet pas par les armes que les indépendances ont été obtenues, mais parce que Paris et Lisbonne en décidèrent ainsi. En donnant le pouvoir aux deux fractions les plus extrémistes de leur prisme politique nationaliste, à savoir le FLN en Algérie et le MPLA (Mouvement populaire de libération de l’Angola) en Angola.

Résultat, les deux pays ont immédiatement connu deux guerres civiles. En Algérie, l’insurrection kabyle fut vite réprimée, mais en Angola, l’UNITA poursuivit le combat jusqu’en 2002.

L’Algérie et l’Angola ont pareillement vécu de la monoproduction des hydrocarbures et n’ont pas diversifié leurs économies : 90% de leurs exportations et 80 % de leurs recettes fiscales ont ainsi pour origine le pétrole. A l’époque coloniale, Portugais et Français avaient au contraire créé des économies diversifiées et prospères, reposant sur un maillage de PME particulièrement performantes et sur une agriculture florissante et exportatrice.

Depuis les indépendances, les deux pays sont dirigés par les mêmes partis, FLN et MPLA, dont les clans ont fait main-basse sur l’économie.

Tous deux sont minés par la corruption et les dépenses publiques y servent à acheter la paix sociale. Le taux de chômage y est dramatiquement élevé (estimation 55 %) et tous deux ont hérité des pesanteurs de la période socialiste avec notamment un nombre élevé de fonctionnaires venant plomber le déficit public [1].

La principale différence est politique. En Angola, le régime s’est maintenu aux affaires car le MPLA a fait élire Joao Lourenço, un apparatchik, pour succéder à José Eduardo Dos Santos resté 38 ans au pouvoir.

En Algérie, le régime cherche à faire de même. Or, à la tête du pays depuis 1999, soit plus de 18 ans, le président Bouteflika connaît une dramatique fin de règne.

Rendu impotent par la maladie, n’ayant plus prononcé de discours public depuis le 8 mai 2012, moribond et subissant en même temps l’agonie de l’économie algérienne, il n’exerce plus une fonction passée aux mains d’un clan familial et de quelques obligés.

Risquant de devenir les victimes expiatoires du naufrage algérien après la mort de leur chef, ces derniers ont bien compris que leur survie passe par la conservation du pouvoir. Voilà pourquoi ils font tout pour tenter de le garder. Ce qui se passe actuellement en Algérie s’explique par cet impératif.

Bernard Lugan

Notes

[1] L’Algérie compte 2.020.172 agents publics, soit 1.608.964 fonctionnaires et 411.208 contractuels (Direction générale de la fonction publique) pour une masse salariale de 2.600 milliards de dinars (1 dinar algérien = 0.00749 euros.)

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