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S'approprier l'homme, un thème obsessionnel de la Révolution (Xavier Martin) - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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Xavier Martin, historien des idées politiques et professeur émérite des Universités, est l’auteur de travaux sur l’anthropologie révolutionnaire qui ont réputation d’avoir modifié l’approche historique de la vision de l’homme au siècle des Lumières.

Dans ce volume S’approprier l’homme, qui entre dans une collection intitulée L’homme des droits de l’homme, Xavier Martin nous montre comment la Révolution s’est cristallisée dans une guerre ouverte au pouvoir paternel : abaissement de l’âge de la majorité, et anéantissement du pouvoir de pression testamentaire des pères. De telles mesures, en leur contexte, ont une portée positivement intentionnelle de politique fondamentale. Elles visent à l’intime du tissu social, pour le desserrer.

Nourrir un dessein d’emprise sur les hommes est une des composantes du tréfonds des Lumières. Elle s’auto-légitime par l’intention, qui en elle-même est certitude, d’améliorer ceux-ci et de les rendre heureux, même malgré eux, selon l’impératif du bonheur obligatoire sur base de critères imposés par la Révolution. Les présupposés du sensationnisme, qui techniquement et moralement sont censés rendre tout possible en réduisant l’étoffe humaine à la matière, et la vie psychique à la sensation, vont s’ajouter à un postulat de table rase en vue de façonner intégralement l’esprit des hommes.

Cette aspiration à l’emprise sur l’homme va viser l’enfance en priorité. La Révolution dit et réitère qu’il faut s’emparer d’elle le plus tôt possible afin d’en façonner le juvénile esprit, de le modeler intégralement, à sa manière, pour le rendre docile, mécaniquement heureux. L’archevêque de Paris reprochera à Jean-Jacques Rousseau de s’être « emparé des premiers moments de l’homme, afin d’établir l’empire de l’irréligion ».

S’approprier l’homme, Xavier Martin, éditions Dominique Martin Morin, 110 pages, 14 euros

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