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Le cannabis est-il dangereux ? - https://dev.medias-presse.info
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addiction-cannabis

La revue américaine Addiction du 7 juillet fait le point sur 20 années d’usage du cannabis au travers des centaines d’études publiées dans la littérature médicale sur ce sujet. Les connaissances s’affinent donc puissamment, à une époque à laquelle l’usage de la marijuana à des fins récréatives progresse énormément. Il s’agit de déterminer quelles en sont les conséquences sur la santé, le psychisme, et la société elle-même.

A la différence de la plupart des drogues, la marijuana ne peut pas entraîner d’overdose. En revanche les risques d’accidents de la route sont doublés pour les conducteurs sous l’emprise de ce toxique. Toutefois, à la différence des personnes en état alcoolique, les consommateurs se rendent compte des dangers à conduire dans ces circonstances. Ils tendent à réduire leur vitesse.

Les femmes qui sont enceintes et qui « fument » régulièrement ont des bébés qui à la naissance sont plus petits et fragiles.

La dépendance au cannabis est indiscutable et liée bien évidemment à la quantité consommée et la précocité de l’usage de ce toxique. Elle est significative pour les adolescents qui commencent tôt, restant assez modérée par rapport aux autres drogues.

En revanche ce qui est inquiétant est la diminution des facultés cognitives. Ce qui se traduit chez l’usager par des difficultés à apprendre, à engranger les souvenirs, à se concentrer, à s’exprimer et notamment à répondre. Les difficultés d’apprentissages entraînent des complications à trouver un emploi dans la société. Une étude diligentée en Nouvelle-Zélande établit que l’usage régulier du cannabis entraîne une chute du quotient intellectuel (Q.I.) de huit points pour une moyenne de dix. Ce qui est notable et dramatique pour ceux qui ont déjà un Q.I. bas.

Accessoirement il est noté chez les consommateurs réguliers une tendance à faire des infections pulmonaires et des angines à répétition. Enfin, le cannabis est utilisé mélangé au tabac avec les complications liées au tabagisme (cancers du poumon, de la vessie, broncho-pneumopathies chroniques etc).

Au total il est possible de résumer la situation de la manière suivante. Il existe actuellement deux drogues officielles qui sont le tabac et l’alcool. La question est de savoir si la société est prête à assumer le coût sanitaire et psycho-social d’une troisième.

Dr Jean-Pierre Dickès

Cet article vous a plu ? MPI est une association à but non lucratif qui offre un service de réinformation gratuit et qui ne subsiste que par la générosité de ses lecteurs. Merci de votre soutien !

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